Contour, which is the outer shape of the sandwich, which can be with saw teeth, imitating a cloud, dotted.Now, within that form, you also have two different parts: In fact, there are several types of snack in that sense. The continent in the comic strip is the shape it is. What is the continent in a comic book bubble? Or also representing sounds (like an explosion (boom)). That is, you can put a comic bubble with a lit light bulb, with a heart, with the dollar symbol. In it, it is important to take into account not only what is going to be said, but also the type or font used, the onomatopoeia and even the visual metaphors. The content of a comic book speech bubble makes reference to the message inside, that is, what you want to express. The comic bubble is composed of two essential elements among themselves: the content and the continent. The first? Sako Shishido with Speed Taro and Ichiro Suzaki and Takeo Nagamatsu with Ogon Bat. And in case you want to know, in Japan they still had to wait until the 30s to have them. He did it in 1925 with Alain Saint-Ogan and his Zig et Puce. In the case of Europe, the comic strip took a little longer to arrive. But the first cartoon to constantly contain them was Hogan's Alley, in 1895, an Outcault comic, although the truth is that there is a discussion on that subject since some experts think that this is not the case. The origin of these sandwiches takes place in the seventeenth century, in England, where illustrators and cartoonists used it from time to time. In this way, through this figure, the characters on the paper are allowed to have a "voice," since the objective is that they can enter into dialogues with other characters in the story. The comic book speech bubble, also called a balloon, It is the element that is used in a comic, cartoon or caricature to represent the action of speaking. 3.8 Comic speech bubbles: talking at the same time.2.2 What is the continent in a comic book bubble?.2.1 What is the content of a comic bubble?.2 The elements of a comic speech bubble.I reached out to them when I was considering a Nueral Net approach to this problem and they helped answer some questions that I had. I wanted to give a shoutout to the research team from Cornell for their research in this area. Deep CNN-based Speech Balloon Detection and Segmentation for Comic Books. This tradeoff was acceptable for the purposes of this application.ĭubray, David & Laubrock, Jochen. Certain artistic decisions on a given comic book page can lead to many false positives for identified speech bubble candidates. This does however open us up to expensive edge cases. In this case I opted to do multiple passes, shrinking the speech bubble area each time to improve reading accuracy. There are occasionally accuracy issues with the OCR for speech bubbles with few words or very small font that can be read as empty speech bubbles. Speed vs Accuracy - This application can be VERY SLOW for certain pages.Even with a generous vertical pixel threshold, some bubbles can appear much higher on the page than others, but still be read later in the script flow. Reading order of speech bubbles on certain panels can get complicated and hard to make general rules about.Stylized text that is extra blocky or written in bubble letters can confused the speech bubble contour recognition. Styled text boxes with dark backgrounds are hard to identify for speech bubble recognition with our algorithm and for Pytesseract to read.We can mitigate the effects of some of these issues with some intelligent pre-processing of our comic book images. Quality can be hit or miss and older comic pages can have plenty of artifacts that can get in the way of either the OCR or the speech bubble recognition.The fact that they are often round and light colored allows us to leverage OpenCVs built-in contour recognition and helps overall with Pytesseracts OCR. Speech bubbles are often distinctly shaped and colored from their surrounding to aid with human readability.Comic books tend to be written in all caps limiting the total number of options for characters.There are some conveniences when it comes to OCR for comic book pages: This was an excellent project to deep dive into the above technologies for computer vision with an image subject that I enjoy greatly (comic books). Pytesseract for OCR (Optical Character Recognition), OpenCV Developer Notes Python, Flask, Gunicorn, JavaScript, HTML/CSS, Docker, Docker Compose, Nginx Libraries This project is mostly being used as a way to collect comic book text data to teach a separate machine learning algorithm to write comic book-esque speech. Python application to identify speech bubbles and read text from comic book pages.
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